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Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 56(1): 42-47, 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-972746

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años las ciencias de la vida y la salud han conseguido hitos importantes permitiendo el surgimiento la ingeniería genética, la genética médica y la genómica, ramas que plantean la necesidad de criterios científicos y técnicos basados en la conducta y labor de sus profesionales. Es así que consideramos importante reflexionar desde el punto de vista bioético los siguientes temas: Las pruebas de paternidad, que tienen como objeto determinar el vínculo genético ascendente en primer grado entre un individuo y su progenitor masculino. El tamiz de portadores que se utiliza para determinar si una persona es portadora de una enfermedad genética, suele aplicarse a heterocigotos para un gen recesivo, en reordenamientos cromosómicos. La eugenesia, concebida como una ideología social, como ciencia es la rama de la manipulación genética que estudia el perfeccionamiento de la especie humana. La clonación humana, ha demostrado que se puede reprogramar una célula diferenciada de un individuo adulto, convirtiendo una célula altamente especializada en un embrión y hacerla volver atrás en su programa genético, obteniendo así un ser idéntico al primero. Como profesionales de la salud preservamos la vida, sin olvidar que debemos tratar de ofrecer una adecuada calidad de la misma a nuestros pacientes y dentro de condiciones éticas.


Nowdays, the life and health sciences have achieved significant milestones allowing the emergence of new branches, such as genetic engineering, molecular genetics, medical genetics and genomics, which pose scientific and technical criteria to sort and conduct their professional work. Thus, we consider important to analyze and reflect from the bioethical standpoint advances in the field of human genetics, addressing the following topics: Paternity tests, studies that are intended to determine the genetic link up (kinship) in the first degree between an individual and his male parent. The carrier screening used to determine whether a person is a carrier of a genetic disease, usually applied to individuals heterozygous fora recessive gene, or individuals heterozygous fora dominant gene that do notexpress the disease and chromosomal rearrangements. Eugenics, conceived as a social ideology, is defined as improving a species, as a science is the branch of genetic engineering that studies the improvement of the human species. Human cloning is a topic that generates more discussion not only from an ethical view, but also philosophical and religious points of view, since it has been shown that you can reprogram a differentiated cell of an adult, becoming a highly specialized cell into an embryo and make it go back in their genetic program, thus obtaining identical to the first one. As health professionals, we try to preserve life, not forgetting that we should give adequate quality of life to our patients with ethical conditions.


Subject(s)
Bioethics/education , Bioethics/trends
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